The Marquis de Lafayette is buried in La Fayette actually lived with his future in-laws together in their house prior to the marriage. The builder of Buitenlust was Jacob III Cambier (1711-1783), one of Vianens foremost patriots. She served as the posthum, Claparde, douard (1873-1940) Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. WebMarie Adrienne Franoise de Noailles, Madame de La Fayette (2 November 1759 24 December 1807). letter from Bordeaux, written by M. Frestel , had led her to believe that my A La Fayette was the sort of person who made friends easily. The Batavian Republic was the first of Frances sister-republics and later part of the French Empire. night at her home and to depart only the next morning to Brioude where she was While essentially bankrupt, Adrienne was very involved in raising funds to build memorials to those slaughtered during the bloodier years of the Revolution. I shall not examine whether that fanaticism, like religious fanaticism, does not generally defeat its own object, but I cannot persuade myself that one who has done so much for the emancipation of the negroes can be an agent of tyranny. She had married La Fayette for better and for worse and she would not, not under any circumstance divorce her husband. It is a compliment I pay to very few people at this moment. an insult any token of esteem which could not be shared with my father, and 7th Edition. But of course he had also friends outside his family. Adrienne and Frestel protested against the governments sanctions, tried to reclaim their finished. In January 1795, after over two years imprisonment, Adrienne was released, largeley due to the efforts of James Monroe and his wife Elizabeth, who visited Adrienne in jail. As long as she was in Brioude she Almost immediately, Adrienne got her 16-yeear-old son Georges out of France. The love of dashing Lafayettes life was a beautiful and brilliant noblewoman named Marie Adrienne Franoise de Noailles (I know, its a bit of a mouthful.) support themselves. An army was dispatched under the comte de Rochambeau. Her sister, Mme de Montagu, settled at Fontenay fr:Chteau de Fontenay. could be deceived. The archive in Utrecht holds the baptism record. Staying alive in an 18th :-) Years later, during La Fayettes imprisonment, McHenry was among the people who tried to help him gain his freedom. Adieu! He and La Fayette first met early on in the War for American Independence. The danger of their situation filled my mothers mind with terror and absorbed all her thoughts. several administrateurs, even they were moved by the manner in whicli the Communication. prison in Magedburg after receiving news that she was still alive and after collected as evidence and here Adrienne showed all her strength and brilliance. During the French Revolution they did not call him the most hated Man in Europe for no reason. But the whole had to be conveyed to Aurat, as the inhabitants of My mother denied herself the comfort of seeing my Really! If you wish to serve me, you will have the satisfaction of doing a good action by mitigating the fate of one who is unjustly persecuted and who, you well know, has neither the means nor the wish to injure. Adieu! The newly arrived prisoners were All of their money and belongings were confiscated, causing an international uproar, and inspiring a play entitled The Prisoners of Olmtz, or Conjugal Devotion. In 1798, Georges returned from America. Adrienne had lost her mother, grandmother, and sister to the guillotine in 1794. [36] They had four children: Pauline, who married Charles de Rmusat, Mlanie, who married Francisque de Corcelle (a friend of de Tocqueville), in 1831,[43][44] Octavie, and their son, Adrien Jules de Lasteyrie (18101883) married Olivia de Rohan-Chabot (18131899), the daughter of the migr Louis de Rohan, Vicomte de Chabot, and Lady Charlotte Fitzgerald, daughter of the second Duke of Leinster. Butler was a sleepy, mainly agricultural village in 1825. So my mother felt, and she therefore sought only to avoid I have just met with the most vexing accident that can happen to an officer. Websong that goes da da da dadadada tik tok; adrienne de lafayette last words. Communication. so as to take away all means of hiding her and separating her from my mother. Learn more: therefore decided that George should depart with M. Frestel, who was to procure Adrienne returned to France, but Lafayette was not allowed back until 1800. Virginie, Adriennes and La Fayettes youngest daughter, wrote: My mother provided for everything, burnt or concealed her papers; then, He later married La Fayettes oldest daughter Anastasie. From Navigation and Actions. Not wanting to cut ties with then-diplomat James Monroe, France did not execute her. out aloud to show that there was nothing incriminating to them. generally more focused on destroying all traces of nobility. eyes. [45], Adrien Jules and Olivia had a son, Louis de Lasteyrie who married Olivia Mills Goodlake; they had two children, Gui de Lasteyrie (born 1878), and Louis de Lasteyrie (18811955). Without further ado, lets get started. Fayettes most well-known contemporary descendant. The society of the prison was divided Let us talk about Adrienne. 1789- Presents the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, elected Now, Georges safety was Adriennes top priority for a very specific You would do far better to leave me undisturbed in my retirement. It was a triumphal tour. They died on the same day. On to some people who are sometimes forgotten - James McHenry and James Monroe. [38] She was active with Mme de Montagu in raising funds to build memorials at the Picpus Cemetery. Lafayette, Marie Adrienne de (17601807) feared the letters would never reach her - and if they did reach her, could be In 1802, Georges de Lafayette married Emilie de Tracy, daughter of the Comte de Tracy. my sister, my aunt and myself, contrasted with my mothers anxiety, and it was still determined to take the first favourable moment for accomplishing my Name variations: Adrienne de Noailles; He had followed Adriennes carriage on Her children were allowed to visit her one last time and her oldest daughter, Anastasie, argued and pleaded with the guards that she was old enough to be taken with her mother to Paris, that she was an adult and guilty of the same crimes as her mother. My mother found herself in the midst of all the Later, when they met again during La Fayettes last visit to the United States in 1824/25, they embraced each other and cried tear of joy over the fact of being able to see each other again. was only FOURTEEN when she married sixteen year old, awakward, lanky, redheaded fuckboy lafayette (her mom loved laf but Dat volgt namelijk uit een brief die hij vanuit Vianen schreef aan George Washingon. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Born in Paris, she and Lafayette were married on April 11, 1774when she was only 14 and Lafayette 16. Lafayette was married to Adrienne de Noailles. Encyclopedia.com. occur and thus render the journey useless. His father had died at the Battle of Minden in 1759 during the Seven Years War. He never forgot what she endured for him and her actions probably lead their relationship to unknown heights. Marquis de Lafayette, a Revolutionary War general, visited Butler County in the 1825. more ardent than ever. Summary [] As an ardent lover of America I am glad to Hear of the influence You are said to Have in Congress. When La Fayette and Adrienne finally married, she was fourteen and he was sixteen. Lafayette's father was martyred whilst fighting the British during the Seven Year's War at the battle of Mindenin in 1759. But the situation of my children so far away from me adds to the sorrow that will follow me to my grave. to dance. Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette: Children: In October 1795, Adrienne managed to travel to Vienna and meet face-to-face with the Emperor who had been holding her husband prisoner for three and a half years. He and Napolon hat their ups and downs in their relationship but mostly downs as time progressed. lavfayette:. There is one lovely, humours account by Washington in a letter to La Fayette dated September 30, 1779: () But at present must pray your patience a while longer, till I can make a tender of my most respectful compliments to the Marchioness. By these persons she botany, medicine. This rule again was included due to the input of the Duchess who still thought her daughter way too young for any martial endeavours. Adrienne de Lafayette/Original Character (s) Adrienne de Lafayette/Emeline LeBlanc (OC) Gilbert du Motier Marquis de Lafayette/Emeline LeBlanc (OC) Emeline I always wanted to know where exactly La Fayette and his family stayed while they lived in exile in Vianen (modern day Netherlands). Who was Lafayette friends with throughout his life, and were there people he wasnt so friendly with? People / Adrienne de La Fayette. led away, La Fayettes seventy-three-old aunt Louise Charlotte de Chavaniac I was only once taken to Brioude. Frestel had furthermore collected all the jewellery that still reminded in Chavaniac and sold most of it, so that Adrienne would have money while in prison. furthermore realised that they had to work together if they wanted to survive When Lafayette returned to France from 1779 to March 1780 to rally French support for the American cause, Adrienne became pregnant with her first sonwhom the couple named Georges Washington de Lafayette. On 22 January 1782, he was received at Versailles. Adrienne de Lafayette; Marie Adrienne Franoise de Noailles; Marquise de La Fayette; Marie Adrienne Franoise de Noailles (Noailles) aka de La Fayette (2 Nov 1759 Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Georges Washington Louis Gilbert du Motier, "Two "Better Halves" in the Worst of Times Adrienne Noailles Lafayette (17591807) and Fanny Burney d'Arblay (17521840) as Medical and Surgical Patients under the First Empire", "La Fayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de", "Portraits / His friends: Francisque de Corcelle", Letter from Adrienne de Lafayette to her Children, The 17th Brumaire, November 1794, John Jay letter to Adrienne Lafayette, 13 August 1785, Gouverneur Morris letter to Adrienne Lafayette, 19 December 1796, Lafayette Family Papers, University of Maryland, The Marquis de Lafayette collection, Cleveland State University, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette Collection, Library of Congress, Emmanuel Marie Louis, Marquis of Noailles, Jules Charles Victurnien, Duke of Noailles, Emmanuel Henri Victurnien, Marquis of Noailles, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, List of places named for the Marquis de Lafayette, Hero of Two Worlds: The Marquis de Lafayette in the Age of Revolution, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_de_La_Fayette&oldid=1130211138, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox noble with unknown parameters, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with incomplete citations from December 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Jean Baptiste Franois, Bishop of Chlons, Marie milie, Marchioness of Chteauregnaud, Marie Anne Franoise, Countess of Schleiden, Louise Henriette Charlotte Philippine, Duchess of Duras, Catherine Franoise Charlotte de Coss-Brissac, Philippine Louise Catherine, Duchess of Lesparre, Anne Jeanne Baptiste Louise, Viscountess of Ayen, Franoise Antoinette, Countess of Thezan du Pourjol, Anne Paule Dominique, Marchioness of Pouzols & Montagu, Anglique Franoise d'Assise Rosalie, Marchioness of Grammont, Pauline Victurnienne, Countess of Noailles, Caroline Antoinette de La Fert-Meun-Mol de Champltreux, Adrien Maurice Victurnien Mathieu de Noailles, Duke of Noailles, Helie Guillaume Hubert, Marquis de Noailles, Mathieu Fernand Frdric Pascal, Marquis de Noailles, Yolande Louise Marie Valentine d'Albert de Luynes, Charlotte Marie Blanche Suzanne Elisabeth Michelle de Caumont La Force, This page was last edited on 29 December 2022, at 03:37. her to go to Brioude, the chief - town of the district. She is to become the honored and safe asylum of liberty! Langevin, the second son of Victor Langevin, a, lettre de cachet The troops showed the papers that they had La Fayette was a centrist, he was searching for a middle path. WebAdrienne de Noailles de Lafayette inherited the chateau after her mother, sister and grandmother were guillotined during the dark days of the French Revolution referred to as Shoutout to whoevers art that is. the chateau. First in my mind there is the La Tour-Maubourg family. I may or may not have chosen this letter because McHenry also makes an appearance - but Thomas Jefferson is also mentioned, so the selection is valid, because Thomas Jefferson is the next one on our list. He was a well known supporter of the American Revolution and therefor not too dear to many people on England and to American Loyalists. it was not impossible to bribe the jailor and to gain admission into the On 15 July 1789, he was acclaimed commander-in-chief of the National Guard (Garde nationale). plans, assuring her that he was ready to recommence his attempts, provided she A commissary named Aulagnier, who was one of the The point that I want to make; I had to draw the line somewhere. Early in November 1793, revolutionary troops arrived in Chavaniac and night to confer with my mother. Not one to twiddle her thumbs in prison, Adrienne wrote a book about her experience living in prison with her husband and daughters on the margins of a book with toothpicks and china ink! enjoyed those moments. I still cannot write you about it without swearing through my teeth, and you are going to pity your poor brother when you know what he missed. All the papers were placed in a cart, as well as the busts of the Anastasie was fifteen at this point in time and the guard refused her, although they were visibly touched by her plea. The salon included Benjamin Franklin, John and Abigail Adams, and John Jayas well as liberal members of the French nobility. A Dr. Sautereau stayed at La Grange, and Dr. Lobinhes was on call from Paris. towards the revolution) because it was in most cases their husbands noble name WebPeople/Characters: Adrienne de Lafayette. When I was dragged from it, the only result was to awaken sympathy for me and to revive the memory of a great many injustices. Lafayette, whose father died in 1759 fighting the British during the Seven Years War, received the inspiration he needed to strike back against the empire. While she was thus in the most painful anxiety, owing to the Adrienne and her children and placed in there 100.000 Livre from his private () M. Frestel, having left his place of retreat, came in the middle of the Mrs. Monroe visited the imprisoned marquise on the day before the execution and loudly announced she would come the next day. Here is an account of the portrait from Jules Germain Cloquets book Recollections of the Private Life of General Lafayette, etc: In his children he cherished the memory of their mother, (Mademoiselle de Noailles,) whom he had loved most tenderly, and whose name he never mentioned but with visible emotion. WebBut when their idealism sparks revolution in France and the guillotine threatens everything she holds dear, Adrienne must renounce the complicated man she loves, or risk her life for a legacy that will inspire generations to come. They were, soon after their return, put under arrest in their own house, at the Htel de Noailles. imprisoned. 4.8. [29] Lafayette remained exiled, but Adrienne returned to France. conduct would give him., The three women were brought to the town of Le Puy, a little town close I have three excerpts from letters by La Fayette, detailing his relationship to McHenry. Elizabeth Wormeley Latimer, Thomas Waters Griffith, Louis Gottschlk, Lafayette Comes to America, Marguerite Guilhou, Ralph Fletcher Seymour, The Marquis de Lafayette collection, Cleveland State University, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette Collection, Library of Congress, Jean Baptiste Franois, Bishop of Chlons, Emmanuel Marie Louis, Marquis of Noailles, Jules Charles Victurnien, Duke of Noailles, Emmanuel Henri Victurnien, Marquis of Noailles, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Adrienne_de_La_Fayette&oldid=715773602, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Marie milie, Marchioness of Chteauregnaud, Marie Anne Franoise, Countess of Schleiden, Louise Henriette Charlotte Philippine, Duchess of Duras, Catherine Franoise Charlotte de Coss-Brissac, Philippine Louise Catherine, Duchess of Lesparre, Anne Jeanne Baptiste Louise, Viscountess of Ayen, Franoise Antoinette, Countess of Thezan du Pourjol, Anne Paule Dominique, Marchioness of Pouzols & Montagu, Anglique Franoise d'Assise Rosalie, Marchioness of Grammont, Pauline Victurnienne, Countess of Noailles, Caroline Antoinette de La Fert-Meun-Mol de Champltreux, Adrien Maurice Victurnien Mathieu de Noailles, Duke of Noailles, Helie Guillaume Hubert, Marquis de Noailles, Mathieu Fernand Frdric Pascal, Marquis de Noailles, Yolande Louise Marie Valentine d'Albert de Luynes, Charlotte Marie Blanche Suzanne Elisabeth Michelle de Caumont La Force. Nothing however was which would tend to separate her cause from his. In fact, many After being released from the prison in Olmtz, La Fayette, Adrienne and their daughters settled in Wittmold and Lehmkuhlen in the neutral Danish-Holstein (modern day Germany.) time to time. Saltar al contenido principal.es. Virginie tells us that: Towards the middle of June my mother received through the minister of Still, not everything was picture perfect. In 1939 a new building, a single family home, was erected on the grounds of the old country house. persuade to leave the place. bit more relaxed. Two years later, their first child, Henriette, was born. In her grief at being so far distant from my let her do so and later agreed to send her, Anastasie and La Fayettes aunt In 1791, as the radical factions in the Revolution grew in power, Lafayette tried to flee to the United States through the Dutch Republic. He has a position at this moment, but I cannot bear the idea that he would suffer poverty. douard Claparde, a Swiss physician and psychologist, was born March 24, 1873, in Geneva, where he died September 30,, Langevin, Paul Web24 December 1807. Around the portrait were the words, Je suis vous , and on the back was engraved this short and touching inscription, Je vous fus donc une douce compagne: eh bien ! Lafayette returned to France after Bonaparte freed him from an Austrian prison in 1797. McHenry later transferred to La Fayettes staff (March of 1781) and was one of his most trusted aide-de-camps. save her life by feigning an act contrary to christian law, even when no one without assuring my aunts future comfort as well as the payment of several Upon finally reaching the prison at Olmtz, she was given permission to live with her husband in his cramped and primitive prison barracks. Web-her last words ever spoken were to laf. necessary for the preservation of their childrens fortune and for their [24] On 1 September 1795, Monroe issued Adrienne American passports for her and the Lafayette family, (since they had been granted Citizenship), and she traveled to Lafayette's place of imprisonment. Close. as for herself, the scruples of her conscience would not have allowed her to promptly to the next town were the people were way more dissatisfied. refuge amidst the mountains. Furthermore, whether I live or die is a matter of supreme indifference to Monsieur Dumouriez. up to our education, as she would have done in quiet times. She kept this news from us till the next morning. While gaining status once again as a beloved hero, he never forgot the woman who had stood by him in darker times. Adrienne was embarrassed to accept the money but also knew that she had to La Fayette had different mistresses and although he loved Adrienne, I always feel like it took him quite some time to realise just how wonderful Adrienne truly was, how loyal and devoted. and placed there again some of his own money, but also the money from several And I need to hope that he will not be abandoned by the United States. had just managed to get all her children together so that they could wave her a of him. brought back joy in the midst of us with the details of this happy meeting. LETTRE DE CACHET. WebAn Archive of Our Own, a project of the Organization for Transformative Works Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Virginie wrote: My mother, my aunt and my sister relurned to Chavaniac, accompanied by She had some family connections to the court in Vienna and eventually obtained the permission of sharing her husbands imprisonment. Adrienne managed to regain a lot of the property that they had previously lost during the Revolution. Frestel, well aware of the imminent danger, wrote Morris in Paris and informed him about the situation. Fanny was a feminist, abolitionist and social reformer. With Adrienne in prison, everything was up to Frestel. The orphan Lafayette had inherited large estates that yielded an annual income of 150,000 livres ($1.5million). Lafayette, who championed the virtues of American ideals of freedom in France throughout his life following the American Revolution, died in Paris of pneumonia at the age 76 on May 20, 1834. I don't know if I read here or not, but did It was not a moment for dwelling on the Neither Anastasie nor Virginie could authorities of the prison thought you had the money to pay them. Nothing was more disagreeable to him than to be disturbed during this daily homage to the memory of his virtuous partner.. James McHenry first met La Fayette when they both were members in George Washington staff. You see, my dear sir, that I assume no pride in this because I sense that you have already enough assurances of my appreciation that I am ready for you to undertake new responsibilities. M. Frestel undertook the negotiation which was not without danger. Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. in Paris would write the people in Le Puy what to charge Adrienne with. WebAdrienne de Noailles de Lafayette, a remarkable woman, shared in the same liberal causes as her husband. The American feelings of pain and joy, which caused her much agitation. She obtained permission to join her husband, "I grant it to you, but as for his liberty, that would be impossible my hands are tied, it is a complicated affair."[26][27]. Sadly Adrienne died at age 47 in 1807. (). Inoculating the Continentals: Stopping the Small Pox Epidemic, Click Here to See All of Laura's Blog Posts. Despite their Revolutionary ideals, both Lafayette and Adrienne were deemed too moderate and targeted by revolutionaries. Adrienne and her husband as revolutionaries and the reason why they were all In her and her mothers memoirs, McHenry is So well Acquainted with My Sentiments for Him that He knows My attachement is independant of whatever Steps He Might take on the occasion. While Adrienne cared for her children, the marquis advanced his military career, which included several periods in America, fighting with the American army in the War of Independence. correspondence was not safe enough to be employed in giving any other details Nevertheless, some days afterwards, calmer WebThe Marquis de Lafayette was born in Chavaniac Auvergne, France on September 6th, 1757. Her grandmother, Catherine de Coss-Brissac duchesse de Noailles, her mother, Henriette-Anne-Louise d'Aguesseau, duchesse d'Ayen, and sister, Anne Jeanne Baptiste Louise vicomtesse d'Ayen, were guillotined on 22 July 1794. I ask to be left with my children in the only situation I can find tolerable so long as my husband is a prisoner of the enemies of France.[17]. The anxiety they occasioned with respect to my fathers health 2 . After and eventful and fearful time, Adrienne was eventually released from her prison in France. In England, we see something very interesting. All seemed to forebode approaching death to my mother. [31] She negotiated the sale of Brittany properties for 61,200 livres, and monthly rents of 4,800 livres. of certificate that neither she nor her husband had ever oppressed them. His relationship with Louis XVIII and especially with Charles X also was strained to put it mildly. rex harrison audrey hepburn relationship. and their (political) actions that brought them and their children in trouble. He said, and I paraphrase here, Morris himself was a tad more diplomatic, Our rebellion against England started with a trade boycott. He was hers, and hers alone." soldiers who were led by a man of Le Puy, suspected of having lately had a hand WebAdrienne de La Fayette: French noblewoman (1759 - 1807), Noble, From: France. father, she wished to send him his son, and thought that, once out of France , They are buried together in Picpus Cemetery in Paris near the mass graves of victims of the French Revolution including Adriennes family members. (February 22, 2023). with her children and she and Frestel were trying to keep up at least a More moderate forces took over the reign of government and less and less people were executed. the United States , two letters from my father, written from the dungeon of "i am entirely yours" + + So yeah Adrienne was a badass goddess woman who had to deal with her man-child On his last visit to America (there were twenty-four American States at the time) he brought back to France a large trunk full of American soil from Bunker Hill outside of Boston. dangers inseparable from such an attempt, she had to bear the sight of the They had four children: Henriette (17761778), Anastasie Louise Pauline du Motier (17771863), Georges Washington Louis Gilbert du Motier, (17791849), and Marie Antoinette Virginie du Motier (17821849). As the carriage drove on, she shouted to her children He found a sliver of wood, moistened it, and dipped it in soot to write his last words: Adieu, then, my dear wife, my children, my auntwhom I shall cherish to my last leave Adrienne alone. her children in safety. The Republic became the Dutch Commonwealth in 1801 and was later abolished on June 5, 1806 when Napolons brother Louis Bonaparte was crowned King of Holland. In fact, she started signing all her papers with la femme de Lafayette, the wife of Lafayette. pretty happy with their local nobility and so it is no wonder that none of them But here again methinks I hear you say, I am not apprehensive of dangerMy wife is youngyou are growing old & the atlantic is between youAll this is true, but know my good friend that no distance can keep anxious lovers long asunder, and that the Wonders of former ages may be revived in thisBut alas! After his death, the house was demolished the same year. A truly popular combination was a family with a great name/title that had fallen on hard times and a very rich family without too great a name. [10], Lafayette joined the French abolitionist group Society of the Friends of the Blacks (Socit des amis des Noirs), which advocated the end of the slave trade and equal rights for free Blacks. . [11] Although Washington demurred, Lafayette purchased land in the French colony of Cayenne to "experiment" with education, and emancipation, at his plantation La Belle Gabrielle.[11][12][13]. Adriennes mother, the duchess dAyen, her sister, the vicomtesse de Noailles and her grandmother, the duchess de Noailles were all executed early in July of 1794. She was finally released in January 1795 and, with most of her family connections scattered, took refuge with a youthful aunt, her mother's half-sister. They took papers with them but they were anger towards Adrienne and the children. Published by Times Square Press, New York. WebLafayette, Marie Adrienne de (17601807) French marquise and wife of the American revolutionary hero, the marquis de Lafayette. The only stipulation, if she would leave now she was not allowed to ever return and with that Adrienne stayed and suffered and hasted her death because she would not leave her husband behind. Webgeorgewashingwoes: lavfayette: was only FOURTEEN when she married sixteen year old, awakward, lanky, redheaded fuckboy lafayette (her mom loved laf but hated them Virginie wrote: My mother arrived in Paris on the 19th of Prairial, the eve of the fete de l'tre suprme, three days before the decree of the 22nd, which organized une terreur dans la Terreur.
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