ga('create', 'UA-41701689-1', 'socialmediadata.com'); Read other informative articles on small business commercial insurance including costs and coverages. The NAISC will become the only recognized code once legislation passes in the future. font-family: 'Lato'; An SIC code (Standard Industrial Classification) is a four digit numerical code assigned by the U.S. government to businesses in order to identify the primary activity of the business. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. (This is because the income car dealerships receive isnt usually residual). George Risk Industries Inc. Industry: 5812Eating Places. .top-nav ul li a:hover, .top-nav ul li:hover > a, .top-nav ul :hover > a , .top-nav ul li.current-menu-item a { .tagcloud a:hover, How Is ChatGPT Used In The Commercial Insurance Industry? Finding low risk SIC codes for businesses is only beneficial for research purposes. In 2009 the lowest risk industries such as the educational services under the SIC code 82showed negativeindustry specific risk premia of around -4%. 34. famous las vegas male singers. Major Group 24: Lumber And Wood Products, Except Furniture. The valid Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes must be used for Employment Tax Incentive (ETI) purposes. The first two digits of the code identify the major industry group, the third digit identifies the industry group and the fourth digit identifies the industry. The industry classifications include the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada and the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC). Want to avoid high risk industries? .ads { Specializing in marketing researc How Are SIC Codes Used In Commercial Insurance? SIC codes classify the economy into 20 sectors, which are separated into 99 3-digit subsectors, which are divided into 311 4-digit industry groups, which are further subdivided into 709 5-digit industries, and finally disaggregated into 1057 6-digit U.S. industries. Furthermore, business insurance articles can help business owners stay informed about changes in the insurance industry. For financial research this gives a low degree of consistency over time. Canada North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada. Business insurance articles are helpful for a number of reasons. The first two digits of the code identify the major industry group, the third digit identifies the industry group and the fourth digit identifies the industry. Controlled language for industries aggregating the scores assigned to relevant parameters such as capital! These are some of the questions asked by commercial insurance companies when trying to classify your business by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code. General Liability Class Codes For Commercial Insurance. Major Group 27: Printing, Publishing, And Allied Industries. At present we do not use ads on the site, so feel free to disable these cookies. 34. font-weight: bold !important; These lists are different, although they share a similar purpose. Controlled language for industries aggregating the scores assigned to relevant parameters such as capital! And here are the key factors that define the industry-specific risk: . 327213. font-weight: normal !important; Remember that codes apply to specific industries, not individual businesses. Does Business Insurance Cover Riots And Looting? This division includes establishments or places of business primarily engaged in selling merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional, farm, construction contractors, or professional business users; or to other wholesalers; or acting as agents or brokers in buying merchandise for or selling merchandise to such persons or companies. background: none !important; We recommend keeping these cookies enabled. font-family: 'Lato'; .breaking-news span, This division includes establishments providing, to the general public or to other business enterprises, passenger and freight transportation, communications services, or electricity, gas, steam, water or sanitary services, and all establishments of the United States Postal Service. NAICS recognizes hundreds more businesses than SIC did, largely in the fast-growing service sector. SIC codes classify the economy into 20 sectors, which are separated into 99 3-digit subsectors, which are divided into 311 4-digit industry groups, which are further subdivided into 709 5-digit industries, and finally disaggregated into 1057 6-digit U.S. industries. Although the NAICS classification system was adopted in 1997, insurers selling commercial insurance use SIC codes in many ways - to analyze and classify the businesses they insure, or choose not insure. Given the typical discount rates of some 25%for privately owned firms, thiscould make a difference of more than 8%and greatly affect thevaluations of companies in these industries. Where Can I Lookup Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes? Carpet, Rug or Upholstery Cleaning--Shop Only: 11020: Catalog or Premium Coupon Redemption Stores: 11039: Caterers . } The industry the business operates in, e.g the base premium is calculated by considering various business and parameters. The premium is can be calculated as. (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), All rights reserved. The latest SIC Coding system can be found on Statistic SA www.statssa.gov.za. A: The spot risk-free rate information (10-year and 20-year Treasury bonds) for the relevant valuation data is sourced from the Federal Reserve . D/E Ratio. on January 29, 2023 January 29, 2023. 2022 Pricing. The first two digits of the code identify the major industry group, the third digit identifies the industry group and the fourth digit identifies the industry. What Is The Impact Of Inflation On The Commercial Insurance Market? (Related to putting bets on money), Agriculture or forest products (Most because agriculture isnt as popular any more), Auto, recreational vehicle or boat sales. Computed as implied Industry Risk Premium = (industry beta x ERP) - ERP. Commonly used equipment, such as sorting machines or single strain machines, are now available in . .post-title{ These are cookies that have yet to be defined in our system. Wood Product Manufacturing, Millwood, Veneer, Plywood, & Structural Wood Members, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing, Hardwood Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing, Softwood Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing, Engineered Wood Member (except Truss) Manufacturing, Manufactured Home (mobile Home) Manufacturing, Prefabricated Wood Building Manufacturing, Custom Architectural Woodwork and Millwork Manufacturing, Nonupholstered Wood Household Furniture Manufacturing, Household Furniture (except Wood and Metal) Manufacturing, Office Furniture (except Wood) Manufacturing, Office Supplies (except Paper) Manufacturing, Partitions, Shelvg, Lockers, & Office & Store Fixtures, Wood Office and Store Fixtures, Partitions, Shelving, and Lockers, Office and Store Fixtures, Partitions, Shelving, and Lockers, Except Wood, Furniture and Fixtures, Not Elsewhere Classified, Corrugated and Solid Fiber Box Manufacturing, Converted Paper and Paperboard Prods (no Contaners/boxes), Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing, All Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing, Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books), Blankbooks, Looseleaf Binders & Bookbindg & Relatd Work, Service Industries For The Printing Trade, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing, Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production, Plastic Material, Synth Resin/rubber, Cellulos (no Glass), Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing, Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing, In - Vitro Diagnostic Substance Manufacturing, Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing, Soap, Detergents, Cleang Preparations, Perfumes, Cosmetics, Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing, Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing, All Other Misc. It vindicates your operations as legal commerce. Get Pro Package, Dont Think Like a Consumer (Business Lending Blueprint) #Short, How does Alternative Lending Industry REALLY work, Ammunition or Weapons Manufacturing; wholesale or retail, Check Cashing Agencies or other cashing companies, Loans for the speculative purchases of securities, goods, or risky items, Energy, oil trading, or petroleum extraction or production. This publication shows a condensed list of the ONS codes used to classify business . Current Number of US Businesses within that Primary SIC Code. Industry codes help insurers with several analytical processes involving marketing, underwriting, exclusions, loss control, forms, pricing and other operations. Many companies need good credit to function. February 27, 2023 equitable estoppel california No Comments . The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system was created by the government to categorize businesses by industry and uses four-digit numerical codes to classify them. font-family: 'Lato'; font-family: 'Lato'; is a registered trademark of MicrosoftCorporation. In the Range field, type a range of SIC, NAICS, or Hoover's Industriese code number, and then click Add. Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers, Printing and Writing Paper Merchant Wholesalers, Industrial and Personal Service Paper Merchant Wholesalers, Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers, Wholesale - Apparel, Piece Goods & Notions, Mens and Boys Clothing and Furnishings Merchant Wholesalers, General Line Grocery Merchant Wholesalers, Packaged Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers, Dairy Product (except Dried or Canned) Merchant Wholesalers, Poultry and Poultry Product Merchant Wholesalers, Meat and Meat Product Merchant Wholesalers, Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers, Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers, Grain and Field Bean Merchant Wholesalers, Other Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers, Plastics Materials and Basic Forms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers, Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers, Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals), Wholesale - Beer, Wine & Distilled Alcoholic Beverages, Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers, Wholesale - Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods, Tobacco and Tobacco Product Merchant Wholesalers, Other Misc. The following is an outline of the sections and the corresponding Division Codes: Corresponding Division Code Description 01-03 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 05-09 Mining and quarrying 10-33 [] 34. How To Comapre Small Business Insurance Policies. How Much Does General Liability Insurance Cost? } SIC codes and NAICS codes are worthless if your business isnt recession proof. The rst time Ibbotson published industry risk premiums (IRPs), sometimes called RPis (risk premiums for the industry), was in its 2000 Stocks, Bonds, Bills, and Ination Valuation Yearbook(SBBI). Eciton Burchellii For Sale, Eciton Burchellii For Sale, . What Does It Mean To Be An Additional Insured? Here are a few of the codes to stay away from relating to the following industries: *Real estate investing or anything else regarding investing of any type. Major Group 23: Apparel And Other Finished Products Made From Fabrics And Similar Materials. S&P 500) and the return of risk-free securities. Safety a priority reduced credit limit recommendations on your business credit files insurance 400 metro areas, and 3,400 counties edition had only two pages data. * Current Number of US Businesses within that Primary SIC Code. .top-nav, .top-nav ul ul {background-color:#4d4d4d;} An SIC code (Standard Industrial Classification) is a four digit numerical code assigned by the U.S. government to businesses in order to identify the primary activity of the business. the average risk-free rate . The U.S. Industry Benchmarking Module provides industry-level inputs needed to estimate cost of equity . How Will Artificial Intelligence Change Commercial Insurance? Click Here for Data Appends & Targeted Marketing Lists. Wolf Creek, Oregon Witches, One of the firms is in the educational services sector, the other is a transportation company. This division includes establishments or places of business primarily engaged in selling merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional, farm, construction contractors, or professional business users; or to other wholesalers; or acting as agents or brokers in buying merchandise for or selling merchandise to such persons or companies. SIC = Standard Industry Classification. How Will The Metaverse Change Commercial Insurance? What Is The Impact Of Inflation On The Commercial Insurance Market? (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ Designed as a resource guide for business appraisers, the site's audience encompasses a broad mix of business owners, professionals, educators, students, and other parties interested in these topics. From Purchased Steel, Primary Smelting and Refining Of Nonferrous Metals, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining, Secondary Smelting and Alloying Of Aluminum, Rolling Drawing and Extruding Of Nonferrous Metals, Aluminum Rolling and Drawing, Not Elsewhere Classified, Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Aluminum Foundries (except Die - Casting), Other Nonferrous Metal Foundries (except Die - Casting), Primary Metal Products, Not Elsewhere Classified, Hearing Equip, Except Elec & Warm Air; & Plumbing Fixtures, All Other Misc. Scale: The IRS is graded on a six-point scale, with '1' indicating 'high risk' and '6' indicating 'low risk'. This means they are more likely to approve your business for loans. Emergence of new competitive threats domestically and internationally. Before you select an SIC code and NAICS code there are certain industries or codes that are flagged as high risk. The risk-free rate refers to the implied yield on a risk-free investment, with the standard proxy being the 10-year U.S. Treasury note. Lead Generation Established in the United States in 1937, it is used by government agencies to classify industry areas.". The new system provides five levels of classification (compared to four in SIC) in detailed codes that have a maximum of six digits (up from four in SIC) and detailed classifications called "U.S. Industry" (instead of "Industry" in the SIC). You can search via the SIC Code directory which lays out everything you need for quick access. color: #27a8ad !important; text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #27a8ad !important;} What Does It Mean To Be An Additional Insured? What Is An Additional Insured Endorsement? Controlled language for industries aggregating the scores assigned to relevant parameters such as capital! NAICS codes are not related to SIC codes; rather NAICS is a completely redesigned way of coding industries. } The first two digits35identify its major industry group as "Industrial and Commercial Machinery and . .ei-title h2 , .slider-caption h2 a, .content .slider-caption h2 a, .slider-caption h2, .content .slider-caption h2, .content .ei-title h2{ How Do I Find A Company's SIC Code. Finding low risk SIC codes for businesses is only beneficial for research purposes. Transportation, Communications, Electric, Gas, And Sanitary Services. Private companies created 6, 7, and 8-digit SIC codes systems (known as Extended SIC Codes), which account for more specific sub-industries, as well as new and emerging industries. X. USA +1 302-303-5352; UK +44 0744-142-7229; background-repeat:repeat !important; How Has COVID-19 Coronavirus Affected The Commercial Insurance Industry? industry risk premium by sic code. font-weight: bolder !important; Major Group 26: Paper And Allied Products. SIC = Standard Industry Classification. 2.2.1 Risk premium in discount rate in project management The risk premium can be determined only when the discount ra te was ex actly . Once you know which one applies to you, keep record of it. .widget-top h4, .widget-top h4 a{ The long-term supply side industry risk premiums for the closest SIC codes according to the Valuation Handbook are 0.39 percent for SIC code 28: chemicals and allied products and 2.8 percent for SIC code 369: miscellaneous electrical machinery. 6200 - HEALTH CARE AND SOCIAL ASSISTANCE. The third digit tells you the specific industry group. This division includes establishments or places of business primarily engaged in selling merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional, farm, construction contractors, or professional business users; or to other wholesalers; or acting as agents or brokers in buying merchandise for or selling merchandise to such persons or companies. How Will Artificial Intelligence Change Commercial Insurance? This data set summarizes growth rates from fundamentals (ROE * Retention Ratio) by industry group, reflecting what these companies can grow earnings per share at in steady state, if margins don't change. The Duff & Phelps Risk Premium Report (the Report) can be used to develop cost of equity capital estimates using both the build-up method and the capital asset pricing model (CAPM).. HiLo Risk. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Company Lookup Tool, Contact Us Rank: Baboon 105. font-weight: lighter !important; #main-nav, #main-nav ul ul, #main-nav ul li.mega-menu .mega-menu-block {background-color:#4d4d4d !important;;} This division includes establishments engaged in selling merchandise for personal or household consumption and rendering services incidental to the sale of the goods. Menu. discount rate, in practice the estimated discount e e Ke = Rf + (RPm + RPi) + RPs + CRP + RPz (based on the Build-up approach) (based on the CAPM approach) Rf = risk-free rate, RPm = market premium, RPi = industry premium, RPs = size premium, CRP = country risk premium, RPz = company specic risk and = beta K = cost of equity, Kd = after tax cost of debt, W and Wd = proportion of equity . The use of SIC codes makes it possible to pinpoint a company's main operation. Sic Code Lookup By Industry (2023) WebAn SIC code is a four digit numerical code assigned by the U.S. government to businesses in order to identify the primary activity of the business. .top-nav, .top-nav ul li a, .breaking-news span { font-family: 'Lato'; This can help business owners make informed decisions about which insurance policies are best for their needs. From Cacao Beans, Roasted Nuts and Peanut Butter Manufacturing, Flavoring Syrup and Concentrate Manufacturing, Miscellaneous Food Preparations and Kindred Products, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging, Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine Embroidery, Finishers Of Broadwoven Fabrics Of Cotton, Finishers Of Broadwoven Fabrics Of Manmade Fiber and Silk, Apparel and Other Finishd Prods Of Fabrics and Similar Matl, Men's and Boys' Suits, Coats, and Overcoats, Men's and Boys' Furnishgs, Work Clothg, & Allied Garments, Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing, Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing, Men's and Boys' Separate Trousers and Slacks, Women's, Misses', and Juniors' Suits, Skirts, and Coats, Women's, Misses', and Juniors' Outerwear, Not Elsewhere Classified, Women's, Misses', Children's and Infants' Undergarments, Women's, Misses', Children's, and Infants' Underwear and Nightwear, Girls', Children's, and Infants' Dresses, Blouses, and Shirts, Girls', Children's, and Infants' Outerwear, Not Elsewhere Classified, Miscellaneous Fabricated Textile Products, Pleating, Decorative and Novelty Stitching, and Tucking For The Trade, All Other Misc. The US still recognized SIC codes. Categories: Acord Forms | BOP | Childcare | Commercial Auto | Commercial General Liability | Commercial Property | Commercial Umbrella | Contractors | Cyber Liability | Environmental | Errors & Omissions | Flood | Insurance Knowledge Base | Management Liability | NAICS Codes | Non Profit | Product Liability | Sexual Misconduct Liability | SIC Codes | Technology | Wholesalers & Distributors | Workers Compensation. The first two digits of the code identify the major industry group, the third digit identifies the industry group and the fourth digit identifies the industry. font-weight: normal !important; Using the well-known Build-Up model, we calculate the discount rates for the two companies as follows: We apply the Discounted Cash Flow business valuation . In 1997, the use of SIC codes was . Therefore, the risk premium can be considered a firm's risk. } font-weight: bold !important; However, SIC codes are still used by some organizations and agencies, and you can still review the directory to find out which one best describes the primary business . NAICS Canada 2022 Version 1.0 h2.cat-box-title, h2.cat-box-title a, .block-head h3, #respond h3, #comments-title, h2.review-box-header { Skip to content. On May 25th, 2018, we published a revised version of our Privacy Policy which includes our Cookie Policy. This includes changes in laws and regulations, as well as updates on the various insurance policies available. Prior to deciding how to use this industry data, the analyst should also consider the number It vindicates your operations as legal commerce. These cookies do not store any personal information. All groups are separated into 12 higher level divisions. SIC Code lookup by industry. Cordell, Oklahoma Funeral Homes, Paris Bennett Documentary, Electronic And Other Electrical Equipment And Components, Except Computer Equipment. A full list of SIC codes can be found on the Companies House . How insurance companies use SIC codes. font-family: 'Lato'; background-color:#27a8ad !important; 33. It is now as common as SIC code. Today, these 6-digit NAICS codes have largely replaced SIC codes due to their more flexible nature and their ability to expand and include additional major industry groups ectors. Alternatively a search for that company's main competitors may help, if the company itself is not listed. Healthcare; specifically nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and continuing care retirement centers. , Posted by: What's the validity of the SIC code? An SIC code (Standard Industrial Classification) is a four digit numerical code assigned by the U.S. government to businesses in order to identify the primary activity of the business. The 2000 edition had only two pages of data, reported only two-digit SIC codes, and presented 66 separate IRPs. We recommend keeping these cookies enabled. Off. .ei-title h2,h2.cat-box-title, On the other hand, the high risk industry segments, for example the transportation services under SIC code 47, called for the risk premia on the order of 4.3%. Finding low risk SIC codes for businesses is only beneficial for research purposes. Questions like these determine whether an industry is risky or not: There is no need to apply for an SIC code. In fact, the industry-specific risk premium is one of the elements that make up the discount and capitalization rates for your business. How Is ChatGPT Used In The Commercial Insurance Industry? The first two digits of the code identify the major industry group, the third digit identifies the industry group and the fourth digit identifies the industry. The 4-digit primary SIC code denotes a specific industry that you can choose to be at the core of your business. Gain financial stability like never before! The first two digits designate the largest business sector, the third digit designates the subsector, the fourth digit designates the industry group, and the fifth digit designates particular industries. The answer is risk. the average risk-free rate . The SIC code pages also show the related related General Liability, NAICS and NCCI and State codes as well as a cross reference. Write by: . Companies seek credit repair is because they either need a loan or they are seeking special financing. industry risk premium by sic code. More Companies in this Industry. 7100 - ARTS/ENTERTAINMENT, AND RECREATION. Wood Product Manufacturing, Millwood, Veneer, Plywood, & Structural Wood Members, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing, Hardwood Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing, Softwood Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing, Engineered Wood Member (except Truss) Manufacturing, Manufactured Home (mobile Home) Manufacturing, Prefabricated Wood Building Manufacturing, Custom Architectural Woodwork and Millwork Manufacturing, Nonupholstered Wood Household Furniture Manufacturing, Household Furniture (except Wood and Metal) Manufacturing, Office Furniture (except Wood) Manufacturing, Office Supplies (except Paper) Manufacturing, Partitions, Shelvg, Lockers, & Office & Store Fixtures, Wood Office and Store Fixtures, Partitions, Shelving, and Lockers, Office and Store Fixtures, Partitions, Shelving, and Lockers, Except Wood, Furniture and Fixtures, Not Elsewhere Classified, Corrugated and Solid Fiber Box Manufacturing, Converted Paper and Paperboard Prods (no Contaners/boxes), Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing, All Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing, Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books), Blankbooks, Looseleaf Binders & Bookbindg & Relatd Work, Service Industries For The Printing Trade, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing, Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production, Plastic Material, Synth Resin/rubber, Cellulos (no Glass), Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing, Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing, In - Vitro Diagnostic Substance Manufacturing, Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing, Soap, Detergents, Cleang Preparations, Perfumes, Cosmetics, Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing, Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing, All Other Misc. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. in Uncategorized Following is a list of all the Major Groups of SIC codes. What we offer. Targeted Business Lists SBA Size Standards, Data Append Services How Much Does Workers Comp Insurance Cost? Riot, Vandalism And Civil Commotion Insurance, Special Purpose Acquisition Company Insurance, Understanding Primary And Non-Contributory Liability Insurance. color: #f26241 !important; } industry risk premium by sic code Code Industry Title Number of US Entities . U.S. Industry Benchmarking Module Relative risk scores are calculated by considering various business and financial parameters. It is important that your business is classified properly. SIC Code lookup by industry. Established in the United States in 1937, it is used by government agencies to classify industry areas.". Automats (eating places) Hamburger stands. 0. font-weight: normal !important; More Companies in this Industry. Risk Type (NAICS CODES) by Coverage Category. This division includes establishments or places of business primarily engaged in selling merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional, farm, construction contractors, or professional business users; or to other wholesalers; or acting as agents or brokers in buying merchandise for or selling merchandise to such persons or companies. The Duff & Phelps Risk Premium Report (the Report) can be used to develop cost of equity capital estimates using both the build-up method and the capital asset pricing model (CAPM).. HiLo Risk. Scale: The IRS is graded on a six-point scale, with '1' indicating 'high risk' and '6' indicating 'low risk'. Emergence of new competitive threats domestically and internationally. A company that has an SIC code has several advantages over other businesses: The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) created the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Finding low risk SIC codes for businesses is only beneficial for research purposes. A: The spot risk-free rate information (10-year and 20-year Treasury bonds) for the relevant valuation data is sourced from the Federal Reserve . You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Some small business sic code classifications can result in you paying higher premiums for your business insurance. General contractors. SBA Size Standards, SIC Code Search font-weight: normal !important; Illegal activity is not going to help your chances of getting an SIC. The SIC code pages also show the related related General Liability, NAICS and NCCI and State codes as well as a cross reference. } body{ Both types of codes remain valid today.
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